TIMELINE // by Anita Slomski // Spring 2009 &nbsp; <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 320px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_granger_0017363_a_hz_sm.jpg" alt="cow" /><p class="credit">THE GRANGER COLLECTION</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>EARLY 1900s</h3> <p>Women drink solutions of animal ovaries or eat fresh sow or cow ovaries to treat menopause symptoms and a host of diseases thought to stem from ovarian failure. </p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_menformon_728_silo_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="estrogen" /><p class="credit">COURTESY OF SCHERING-PLOUGH</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>MID-1930s</h3> <p>Drug companies produce estrogen injections and pills from animal placentas and fetal fluids to relieve symptoms of natural and surgical menopause. </p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1941-1942</h3> <p>Canadian firm Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison introduces Premarin, a combination of estrogens produced from the urine of pregnant mares, the most potent form of the hormone yet developed.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_granger_0015320_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="William Masters" /><p class="credit">THE GRANGER COLLECTION</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1951</h3> <p>After six years of prescribing estrogen to institutionalized elderly patients, sex researcher William Masters recommends hormone therapy to rejuvenate &ldquo;mental and physical function.&rdquo; </p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1953</h3><p>Mayo Clinic scientists posit that estrogen is cardioprotective after performing autopsies and finding that women who had their ovaries removed suffered more advanced atherosclerosis than women with ovaries.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>THROUGH 1950s</h3> <p>Concerned by animal studies suggesting estrogen is carcinogenic and that it somehow abets preexisting tumors, physicians begin prescribing estrogen primarily for short-term relief of menopausal symptoms.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_FeminineForever_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="Robert Wilson, Feminine Forever" /><p class="credit">Courtesy of Pocket Books</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1966</h3><p>Gynecologist Robert Wilson writes <i>Feminine Forever </i>and promotes estrogen use through a drug-company-sponsored foundation.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1975</h3> <p>Studies show a link between estrogen and endometrial cancer.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_corb_SC-001-0218_a_v_sm.jpg" alt=" osteoporosis" /><p class="credit">PETE SALOUTOS/CORBIS</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1979</h3> <p>Ten-year study finds estrogen taken within three years of the onset of menopause reverses bone loss.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 320px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_FDA_a_hz_sm.jpg" alt="FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION" /></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1984</h3> <p>NIH and FDA sanction estrogen as the most effective drug to prevent osteoporosis.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_gty_200492782-001_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="Nurses Health Study, 1985" /><p class="credit">WENDY HOPE/STOCKBYTE/GETTY IMAGES</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1985</h3> <p> Nurses&rsquo; Health Study concludes estrogen users have lower risk of heart disease... but the Framingham Heart Study finds the opposite.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_arnold_MedRF_25049_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="heart" /><p class="credit">THE MEDICAL FILE/PETER ARNOLD INC.</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1991</h3> <p>More than 20 small studies estimate that hormone therapy halves heart disease risk in women who have reached menopause.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1992</h3> <p>The American College of Physicians recommends hormone therapy to all women to prevent heart disease and osteoporosis.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1994</h3> <p>First large-scale randomized controlled clinical trial of combined hormone therapy shows better cholesterol scores for women taking the drug than for women on a placebo..</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>1998</h3> <p>The four-year Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study finds hormone therapy does not reduce heart attacks in women who already have heart disease.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_phototake_051307H000001-01_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="breast cancer cell" /><p class="credit">SCOTT CAMAZINE/PHOTOTAKE</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>2002</h3> <p>The estrogen-plus-progestin arm of the 27,000-subject Women&rsquo;s Health Initiative study is halted three years early when it substantiates increased risk of breast cancer, heart attacks, strokes and blood clots.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>2004</h3> <p>The Premarin arm of the WHI study is ended a year ahead of schedule because estrogen alone offered no cardioprotective benefit but increased the risk of blood clots and stroke.</p> </td></tr></table> <table><tr><TD valign="top"> <div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_09_gty_75461938_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="menopause symptoms" /><p class="credit"> PAUL BURNS/DIGITAL VISION/GETTY IMAGES</p></div> </td><TD valign="top"> <h3>2005-PRESENT</h3> <p>Hormone therapy is recommended only for relief of severe menopausal symptoms and for the shortest time possible.</p> </td></tr></table> 1426 2009-04-14T14:28:42-05:00 #<User:0xa3e96f8> For nearly 100 years, different opinions on hormone replacement <br/>therapy have caused its use to ebb and flow. 0 Hormone Therapy’s Moving Target 0 443 false Spring 2009 Hormone Therapy’s Moving Target For nearly 100 years, different opinions on hormone replacement therapy have caused its use to ebb and flow. hormones, hormone replacement therapy, hrt, estrogen, progestin, women's health initiative, whi hormone-therapy-history 2009-04-15 440 439 0

For nearly 100 years, different opinions on hormone replacement therapy have caused its use to ebb and flow.

1427 2009-04-14T15:18:38-05:00 #<User:0xa3e40f4>