<p><table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_jenner_462_a_v_.jpg" alt="Edward Jenner" /><p class="credit">The Edward Jenner Museum, <a href="http://jennermuseum.com">jennermuseum.com</a></p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1796</h3>
<p>Edward Jenner discovers that cowpox virus injected in humans prevents smallpox. He coins the word <em>vaccine</em> from <em>vacca</em>, Latin for cow.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_Institut_Pasteur_Rage_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Louis Pasteur, Joseph Meister, rabies vaccine" /><p class="credit">Courtesy Institut Pasteur</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1885</h3>
<p>Louis Pasteur injects his untested rabies vaccine into Joseph Meister, the victim of an attack by a rabid dog. The nine-year-old recovers.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_Diphtheria_vaccination_post_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="Diphtheria is deadly" /></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1921</h3>
<p>A toxoid vaccine is developed to combat diphtheria. Though the poisons produced by the bacteria are neutralized, the body creates antibodies in response to their presence.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_salk_54-1205_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Jonas Salk" /><p class="credit">By permission of the family of Jonas Salk/March of Dimes</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1954</h3>
<p>Jonas Salk tests his polio vaccine on more than 600,000 subjects, using inactivated (dead) polio virus. In 1955 the vaccine is licensed for mass inoculations.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_phr_SJ2057_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Polio" /><p class="credit">Laguna Design/Photo Researchers Inc.</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1955</h3>
<p>Cutter Laboratories mistakenly produces two lots of polio vaccines containing virulent polio virus. At least 164 people are permanently paralyzed and 10 die.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_sabin_drop_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Albert Sabin, oral polio vaccine" /></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1961</h3>
<p>An oral polio vaccine, developed by Albert Sabin, is licensed. Unlike Salk’s, this vaccine uses a live, attenuated virus, which requires no boosters.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_phr_S8710_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Measles" /><p class="credit">Alfred Pasieka/Photo Researchers, Inc.</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1963</h3>
<p>A vaccine against measles, developed by Maurice Hilleman, is licensed; it’s the beginning of the end to a scourge affecting hundreds of thousands of children each year.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_Merck_4.AV10302A_Hillsm_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="Maurice Hilleman" /><p class="credit">Courtesy Merck</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1967</h3>
<p>Hilleman’s mumps vaccine, begun with a swab from his daughter’s throat, is licensed, and the first dose, of an estimated 150 million to date, is administered.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 320px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_CDC_PHIL_2670_a_hz_sm.jpg" alt="Smallpox vaccinations" /><p class="credit">James Gathany/CDC</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1977</h3>
<p>Five years after routine smallpox vaccinations cease in the United States, the last known natural case is reported in Somalia.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 320px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_GAVI_MG_3118_a_hz_sm.jpg" alt="Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations" /><p class="credit">Prashant Panjiar/Courtesy The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>1999</h3>
<p>The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation helps form the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations. The foundation’s contributions to GAVI total nearly $1 billion.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 210px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_merck_Gardasil-Products_a_v_sm.jpg" alt="Gardasil" /><p class="credit">Courtesy Merck</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>2006</h3>
<p>Gardasil, a vaccine against some types of human papillomavirus (HPV), is licensed, offering protection from one known cause of cervical cancer.</p>
</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><TD valign="top">
<div class="articleImg" style="width: 200px"><img src="/statics/SP_08_gty_74148431_a_sq_sm.jpg" alt="Vaccine challenges" /><p class="credit">Karen Kasmauski/Getty Images</p></div>
</td><TD valign="top">
<h3>2008</h3>
<p>AIDS researchers from around the world will gather in October in Cape Town to discuss one of the most pressing—and frustrating—vaccine challenges.</p>
</td></tr></table>
0
0
2008-10-30T16:08:15-05:00
#<User:0xa597db0>
The story of vaccines—coined from the Latin word for cow—begins in 1796.
0
From Cows to Cures
0
108
false
Spring 2008
From Cows to Cures
The story of vaccines—coined from the Latin word for cow—begins in 1796.
vaccines, pox, penicillin, virus, polio, cowpox, edward jenner, smallpox, vacca, louis pasteur, rabies, joseph meister, diphtheria, antibodies, bacteria, immunization, jonas salk, polio, inoculation, paralysis, paralyzed, albert sabin, measles, maurice hi
from-cows-to-cures
2008-03-01
103
109
0
The story of vaccines—coined from the Latin word for cow—begins in 1796.
369
From Cows to Cures
2008-12-16T12:02:04-06:00
#<User:0xa58c8fc>